In mathematics:  deductive reasoning near-certain or certain conclusions are reached when there is a true premise. Outliers are considered but if they are not weighty enough to change the premise, then the conclusion stands. 

In Philosophy:  deductive reasoning is essence. The outliers are called accidents. If the accidents do not change the essence; then the essence stands. 

In Common Sense:  there are exceptions to any rule but if the exceptions are infrequent, then the rule stands. 

Something to think about. We spend far too much time discussing the Outliers, Accidents, and the Exceptions rather than the Conclusion, Essence and Rules!

In mathematics:  deductive reasoning near-certain or certain conclusions are reached when there is a true premise. Outliers are considered but if they are not weighty enough to change the premise, then the conclusion stands. 

In Philosophy:  deductive reasoning is essence. The outliers are called accidents. If the accidents do not change the essence; then the essence stands. 

In Common Sense:  there are exceptions to any rule but if the exceptions are infrequent, then the rule stands.